History of Ayutthaya - Siampedia

Sakdina	Sakdina or dignity marks system served to indicate one's status within the Siamese civil hierarchy and in the Siamese social hierarchy. It was also related to the manpower under someone's control. [Ref: In the King's Trail - Remco Raben and Dhiravat Na Pombejra (1997) - page 36]
Sanghati (P., Skt.)	One of the three garments (ticivara) of the Buddhist monk, the outer robe. The monks of the Dhammayutika sect wear it over the civara when they go out of the monastery, but it is usually carried folded over the left shoulder when they are inside the monastery or perform their religious rituals. (See also civara) [Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
Sangkhan	Predisposition (Sangkhan) is the term applied to " arrangement." It is that controlling power or disposition which causes the birth, fruit, or result to be consistent with the merit and demerit (which cause it). It is not the actual product, but the disposer. Neither is it the actual cause, for it gives no fruit of itself. It is but as the architect of a city, who is by no means the master of it, but prepares it for its master the king. It is classed under three heads, Bunyaphi, Abunyaphi, and Anenchaphi. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 235.]
Sangkashi	Sangkashi was the spot where, according to the legends, Buddha first set his foot on earth, after a three months' visit paid by him to the heaven of Indra. [In footnote:] Identified by General Cunningham as Sankisa, on the rivei- Kahudri, about 250 miles W. by N. of Benares. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 251.]
Sakkitha	One of the four highest degrees of saintship (The Four Paths); 2nd degree - [Skr] Sakridagamin - "he who must come back once." After attaining this degree there will be only one birth among men or angels before reaching Nirvana. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - pages 170-171.]
Sao han (Th.)	Short small pillars fixed on the harmika for supporting the plong chanai pinnacle. [Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
Saraphum	River, with lotus; One of the five great rivers. There are five similar figures representing the five great rivers (Maha nathi), whose source is in the Himalayan lake Anodat. They are named Kongkha (Ganges), Yumna, Achirawadi, Saraphum, and Mahi. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 307.
Sasada	Sasada means teacher, religious leader. It is also the name of a Buddha statue which was located before in Wat Phra Sri Rattana Maha That (Wora Maha Wihan), locally known as Wat Yai, the most important monastery in Phitsanulok. This temple is believed to have been constructed on the order of Si Tham Traipidok, King of Chiang Saen, after having defeated the realm of Si Satchanalai, to enshrine the three Buddha images known as Phra Buddha Jinarat, Phra Buddha Jinasi and Phra Sri Sasada. Finally it ended up in Bangkok. During the reign of King Rama IV the image was moved from Wat Suthat to Wat Bowon Niwet where it presently resides in the vihara called "Phra Sasada". The "Phra Sri Sasada" is a Buddha statue from the Sukhothai period built in the posture of subduing Mara. It has a lap of 4 cubits, 1 span and 8 inches wide. It was casted at the same time as the Phra Buddha Jinarat and Phra Buddha Jinasiha.
Sat (Th.)	Traditional Thai unit of volume equal to 20 liter (basket) or 10 Kg used for measuring for paddi and other grain.
Sawan (Th.)	Heaven
Sawetrachat	The royal umbrella, or white parasol of several tiers, called Sawetrachat, the principal insignia of the Kings of Siam. Seven or nine tiers are usual in the Sawetrachat of Buddhas or kings. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 303.]
Sema (Th.)	[or bai sema] (Th.) [sima (P., Skt.fl : Buddhist boundary stone or marker slab indicating the sacred ground of the ubosot. (See also ubosot). [Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
Sen (Th.)	Traditional Thai unit of length equal to 40 m.
Shi	A Chinese unit of volume approximately equivalent to a hectolitre. [Ref: The Zheng He Voyages: A Reassessment - Geoff Wade (2004) - Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series No. 31.]
Sidharta (Skt)	A Sanscrit word meaning "one who has attained his aim; " the name of Buddha Gotama during his youth, and until he attained the Buddhahood. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 164.]
Sihapat	One of the seven great lakes of half-mythical Himaphan - the Buddhist fairyland and in which grow the red-blue rose and white lotuses. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 296.]
Singor	Old name for Songkhla; also Singora.
Soda	One of the four highest degrees of saintship (The Four Paths); 1st degree - [Skr] Srota apatti - "the state of entering into the stream of wisdom." The saint who has attained this cannot have more than seven births among men and angels before he enters Nirwana. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - pages 170-171.]
Sok (Th.)	Traditional Thai unit of length equal to 50 cm.
Song Phai (Th.)	l/16th of a tical or baht. Therefore, two (song) phai are equivalent to a fuang. [Ref: In the King's Trail - Remco Raben & Dhiravat na Pombejra (1997) - Page 40]
Stone (Eng.)	English word for the traditional Chinese unit of weight called "shek" in Cantonese language. A stone was equal to 120 catties or 72 Kg.
Stupa (Skt.)	[thupa (P.); sathup (Th.)]: Originally a burial mound in the Ancient Indian Times but later developed into a Buddhist monument erected in memory of an object of worship like the Buddha or built to contain the relics of venerated personages. [Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
Stupika (Skt.)	Literally small stupa; usually fixed on the roof of a monument, on the upper corners of the main body or in a niche. [Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
Sum charanam (Th.)	Niche, a shallow recess in the wall, at the back of a building or on the four sides of a stupa, in which is usually placed a Buddha image or a stupika containing relics of the deceased royal personages. The term "false portico" is also used to describe the stupa's sum charanam by some foreign scholars. (See also muk) [Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
Sumanekuto	See Adam's Peak.
Sunantha	Sunantha: The Queen of King Ankana and mother of Maia, is in other accounts named Yasodhara. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 181.]
Sutras	Second part of the teachings of the three baskets; in Siamese, Phra-Sut, "things strung together," or sermons addressed to all, was recited by Buddha's personal attendant, Ananda [on the first Buddhist Council]. [Ref: The Wheel of the Law - Alabaster Henry (1871) - Trubner & Co, London - page 167.]